Sources

1: AG Energiebilanzen (2024)

2: Umweltbundesamt (2024)

3: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (2024)

4: Energy Efficiency Law (2023)

5: Federal Network Agency (2024)

6: Agora Energiewende, NERA Economic Consulting (2024)

7: Bundesregierung (2022)

8: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (2023)

9: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (2024)

10: Agora Energiewende, Agora Industry (2021)

11: Agora Verkehrswende, Agora Energiewende and Frontier Economics (2018)

12: IRENA (2024)

13: IEA (2023)

14: Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (2022)

15: Energy Brainpool (2022)

16: Stern Review (2006)

17: Maximilian Kotz, Anders Levermann, Leonie Wenz (2024)

18: Flaute, M., Reuschel, S. & Stöver, B. (2022)

19: Netzentwicklungsplan (2023)

20: Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (2024)

21: Koch and Hirth (2019)

22: Hirth (2024)

23: Energy Storage News (2024)

24: Amprion (2024)

25: Agora Energiewende (2025)

26: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (2024)

27: Agora Energiewende (2024)

28: Zissler, R. (2024)

29: European Commission (2017)

30: MWM (2024)

31: Prognos, Öko-Institut, Wuppertal Institut (2021)

32: FFE (2023)

33: Berg Insight (2024)

34: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (2023)

35: Energy Storage News (2024)

36: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (2023)

37: Enerdata (2024)

38: Ember (2024)

39: Latham and Watkins (2024)

40: Global Solar PV Brain Trust (2024)

41: Latham and Watkins (2024), Energy Storage News (2024), Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (2024)

42: Agora Energiewende (2021)

43: Fraunhofer (2024)

44: DNV (2024)

45: S&P Global (2024)

46: PV Magazine (2022)

47: Energy Storage News (2024)

48: Energy Digital (2023)

49: Agora Energiewende (2022)

50: Tiedemann and Müller-Hansen (2023)

51: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (2020)

52: Umweltbundesamt (2021)

53: Destatis (2023)

54: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (2007)

55: RAG (2019)

56: Umweltbundesamt (2021)

57: Metropole Ruhr Business (2024)

58: Rheinisches Revier (2024)

59: World Resources Institute (2021)

60: Agora Energiewende (2023)

61: Agora Think Tanks (2024)

62: IEA (2024)

63: World Bank (2023)

64: European Union (2024)

65: European Commission (2024)

66: ICAP (2023)

67: Local Energy Consulting (2020)

68: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (2024)

69: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (2024)

70: Clean Energy Wire (2024), S&P Global (2024)

71: Tagesschau (2023)

72: 50hertz

73: Agora Think Tanks (2024)

74: Prognos, Öko-Institut, Wuppertal Institut (2021)

75: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (2021), Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (2021)

76: Expertenrat für Klimafragen (2025)

77: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (2019)

78: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (2024), Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (2021)